Investigation of the Logistics Integration and Efficiency of Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) and AGV Systems in an Industry 4.0 Environment

Abstract

In the environment of Industry 4.0 in the 21st century, manufacturing companies require flexible internal logistics solutions. The article presents a technical and economic comparison of AGV and AMR technologies. It analyses navigation principles, infrastructure needs, and the role of WMS and FMS systems. Parameterized model calculation examines the performance of systems in two industrial scenarios. The results show that in a dynamic environment, SLAM-based routing of AMRs provides a capacity increase of about 10% compared to AGVs. Based on a 5-year TCO analysis, higher investment costs are offset by lower operating costs, so AMR technology provides better ROI and greater flexibility in a rapidly changing manufacturing environment.